West Virginia's three venomous species of snakes are the northern copperhead, the eastern rattlesnake, and the timber rattlesnake. Reports of venomous bites are rare, but usually occur while a person is trying to catch or carelessly handle a snake. All species prefer to avoid confrontation and often move away from an approaching human or remain still and allow the threat to pass by.

Rattlesnakes do not always rattle when a person or animal is near. When traveling through areas thought to contain venomous snakes, you can minimize the possibility of an encounter by using common sense.

Snakes tend to be found near cover such as fallen logs, brush piles, rock walls, abandoned foundations, or rock ledges. They may be resting or waiting for prey. Watch where you place your hands and feet. Walk around, rather than over, fallen logs.

If a person is bitten by a venomous snake, several steps should be taken.

Calm and reassure the victim, and keep the victim immobile.

Apply a light constricting band above the bite area and do not release the band unless it becomes too tight from swelling.

Move the victim to a medical facility without delay.
A tetanus shot may also be required.

• Don't use ice, cold packs or sprays.
• Don't incise and suction unless directed by a physician.
• Don't use a tourniquet.
• Don't give alcohol or any drugs.
• Don't wait to see if symptoms develop. Immediately transport the victim to a medical facility.