Historians in central West Virginia are preparing to commemorate the mysterious site of the crash of a remarkable military aircraft—a wood-winged bi-plane sent to bomb striking miners during the infamous Battle of Blair Mountain in 1921.
The plane about which relatively little was publicly known was coincidentally the first U.S. aircraft to drop a bomb on a battleship in a mission under the direction of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell, the father of the U.S. Air Force.
Remnants of the aircraft may linger among mountains so rugged that the daughter of a Cherokee chieftain fled there in the early 1800s to escape the Trail of Tears, though the site is now surrounded by one of West Virginia's largest surface-mine complexes.
"It's a fascinating history, and we're hoping to draw attention to the site by raising a historic marker nearby," says Ken Summers, a member of the Nicholas County Historic Landmarks Commission.
Summers and other commissioners have been working to identify the site and clarify its history, which is not widely known beyond Nicholas County, where photos of the aircraft, a Martin MB-1, hang in the courthouse.
According to Summers, three such planes had been sent by Mitchell under the direction of President Warren G. Harding to an airfield at present-day Kanawha City, now a suburb of Charleston, where the pilots awaited payloads of gas to be dropped on armed miners.
Fought by more than 10,000 miners pitched against 3,000 state and local lawmen and strike-breakers, the battle remains the largest labor uprising in U.S. history. Once federal troops arrived to back local forces, the miners surrendered, and the bombers on September 3 were returning to Langley airfield, now an air-force base, when a storm struck.
As far as is known, the ill-fated plane turned too steeply during a wind, its pilot lost control, and it plunged into the forest. Four crew members were killed, and one survived, though he succumbed to his injuries soon after, Summers said.
That very plane, Bomber No. 5, had also been used by Mitchell in July during a demonstration bombing of naval ships.
Mitchell was insistent that planes could be used to bomb battleships, and, during the demonstration, No. 5 sank the captured German battleship Ostfriesland, dropping a 2,000-pound bomb mounted beneath its fuselage.
Summers said that he visited the crash site in the mountains in the late 1960s and found debris. A wheel from the aircraft might have been secured by Kanawha Valley historian Richard Andre and donated to the W.Va. Division of Culture and History, though it was later lost.
Other historians and government officials have reported finding remnants at a site, described as being in the second left-hand hollow down from the head of Sugarcamp Branch, a tributary of Twenty Mile Creek. Twenty Mile Creek is legendarily the mountain stream along which the body of Seaberry Arms Osborne was secreted in the 1830s.
According to the tale, Seaberry, a daughter of Chief Running Bear, fled the Trail of Tears in Cherokee, N.C., with her husband, Solomon, in 1838, and sought sanctuary in the mountains near the common border of Clay and Nicholas counties. According to a historical marker near the mouth of the creek, "Prior to her death, she instructed Solomon to bury her along Twenty Mile Creek and keep the gravesite secret forever."
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Ironically, the upper watershed of the creek became one of the most mined landscapes in West Virginia. Thousands of acres of mountaintop were mined through the 1970s, '80s, and '90s, and the idea that Solomon's grave or the site of the crash could remain seemed improbable.
"But the crash site is still there, as amazing as that might seem," Summers said. "Amid all of that, there's still a small patch of woods that hasn't been touched, and that's where it crashed."
Summers said permission would now need to be granted to reach the site as roads into the area are gated by coal mining companies.
Though it's not likely that the site will be practically accessible in the near future, Summers says that at least the commission hopes to work with the state to install a roadside marker so visitors might be reminded that such a seemingly remote area is connected to a much more expansive history.
The crash site is located some 30 air-miles north of the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve.
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