On the Ohio River, Wheeling was once proposed as a new U.S. capital

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On the Ohio River, Wheeling was once proposed as a new U.S. capital
Steamboats travel the Ohio River near Wheeling. Painting by Lefevre James Cranstone courtesy Metropolitan Museum of Art)

WHEELING, W.Va. — There was a time when was being proposed as the location for a new capital of the U.S., though the idea never attracted much interest.

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Situated at the junction of the Ohio River and the , two of the expanding nation's most influential travel routes, the burgeoning city was also nearer the heart of the new nation. To some, the flourishing city seemed ideally suited.

According to Fortune, Wheeling is among the 50 best places for families to live in the U.S. (Photo: Sibray / WVExplorer)

At least two writers in the 1820s proposed that Wheeling would make a better capital than Washington, D.C., according to historian George W. Summers.

Marquis James, in his book "The Raven: a Biography of Sam Houston," declared that Houston, after an 1823 visit to Washington, spoke of moving the capital to Wheeling as if the idea had already been bandied about.

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According to James, Houston, then the former president of the Republic of Texas, cared little for Washington and the vast undeveloped spaces between its monumental civic buildings.

"Public buildings were miles apart," James wrote. "When one had to walk through the mud from one to another, the metropolitan idea seemed like carrying optimism too far, and there was talk of moving the seat of government to Wheeling, Virginia."

Three years later, a notable European visitor, the Duke of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach, also recommended that Wheeling might serve as a better capital. In this case, he recommended the site to avoid invasion by sea.

The duke, in his two-volume book "Travels Through North America During the Years 1825 to 1826," refers to the War of 1812 and the burning of the Capitol and White House by the British.

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"To the capital of such a large country, Washington lies much too near the sea. This inconvenience was particularly felt during the last war. It has been proposed to transfer the seat of government to Wheeling, on the Ohio, in the western part of Virginia."

Though nothing came of the effort to relocate the capital, Wheeling became the capital of the new State of West Virginia during the Civil War.

Until then, Richmond and Wheeling had been Virginia's two largest cities and were strategically opposed to one another — one a coastal port, another an inland.

Richmond, on the James River, boasted almost 38,000 residents in 1860; Wheeling had reached a population of 14,083. Washington, incidentally, had grown to 75,000 by 1860.

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Contact the for more information on its history or about visiting the city.


Horrific

The origin of the name "Wheeling" is terrifying.

To the average motorist hurtling through Wheeling on Interstate 70, nothing about the place might seem particularly nefarious. However, the story behind the name "Wheeling" is rooted in darkness. Its origin is not in the many wheels that have traveled through the city, neither paddlewheels on the Ohio River nor wagon wheels on the Conestogas that rambled through headed into the West.


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