History / Prehistory

The history and prehistory of West Virginia reveal a fascinating journey from ancient Native American cultures to its role in America’s story. Prehistoric sites, such as the Grave Creek Mound, showcase the region’s mound-building cultures that left behind impressive burial mounds and earthworks. Later, European settlers ventured into the rugged Appalachian Mountains, forging frontier communities and thriving amidst challenging terrain. During the American Civil War, West Virginia famously seceded from Virginia to remain loyal to the Union, becoming the 35th state in 1863. Coal mining played a vital role in shaping West Virginia’s economy and identity, fueling America’s industrial growth and leaving a lasting legacy in the state’s communities and culture. Today, visitors can explore historic towns, Civil War battlefields, and preserved pioneer homesteads that tell the rich, enduring story of West Virginia’s resilient spirit and deep mountain roots.

The Mingo Statue has greeted travelers atop Wheeling Hill since 1928. Created by Wheeling artist Henry Beu, the monument honors Native peoples associated with the Ohio Valley and remains one of the city's most recognizable landmarks. (Photo: David Sibray)

The story behind Wheeling’s Mingo statue is more complicated than most people realize

WHEELING, W.Va. — For nearly a century, a bronze Native American figure standing atop Wheeling Hill has greeted travelers arriving in the Ohio Valley. Known simply as “The Mingo,” the statue is among Wheeling‘s most recognizable landmarks. Thousands of motorists pass it each year without realizing that the monument represents a people whose history is … Read more

An illustration depicts the ceremonial landscape that once surrounded Grave Creek Mound in present-day Moundsville, where archaeologists say earthworks and plazas formed one of the Ohio Valley's most significant prehistoric ceremonial centers. (Illustration: Chris Kennedy)

Evidence indicates Grave Creek Mound stood at center of a major ceremonial landscape

MOUNDSVILLE, W.Va. — Today, visitors standing at the overlook in Grand Vue Park can see the broad basin surrounding Grave Creek Mound, the largest conical burial mound in the United States. From this vantage point, they can perhaps begin to imagine the prehistoric landscape that once occupied the valley. According to archaeologist Hank D. Lutton, … Read more

Illustration of the 1944 Shinnston tornado in Harrison County, West Virginia, one of the deadliest tornadoes in state history.

West Virginia’s Deadliest Tornadoes: The most destructive storms in state history

SHINNSTON, W.Va. — For many residents, West Virginia is known more for its mountains than for tornadoes. Yet some of the state’s deadliest weather disasters have come not from floods or winter storms but from violent tornadoes that swept through towns with little warning. While West Virginia experiences fewer tornadoes than the Great Plains states, … Read more

Captain William Foreman and 21 militiamen died in a Revolutionary War ambush at McMechen Narrows near present-day McMechen, West Virginia, in September 1777.

One of West Virginia’s deadliest Revolutionary War ambushes happened at McMechen Narrows

The 1777 attack known as the Foreman Massacre left 22 frontier militiamen dead and remains one of the most significant Revolutionary War-era sites in the Ohio Valley. MCMECHEN, W.Va. — The steep hills rise abruptly from the Ohio River at McMechen Narrows, creating one of the most dramatic landscapes in West Virginia’s northern panhandle. Today, … Read more

A historic sketch depicts Camp Allegheny, a Confederate mountaintop fortification in the Allegheny Mountains of present-day West Virginia. The site is among several hidden Civil War battlefields that formed the front lines of the 1861 Western Virginia Campaign.

West Virginia’s hidden mountaintop Civil War sites reveal forgotten campaigns

TOP-OF-ALLEGHENY, W.Va. — The highest battlefields of the American Civil War lie not in Virginia’s rolling countryside but atop the rugged mountains of eastern West Virginia, where soldiers fought for control of strategic mountain passes and vital transportation routes through the Alleghenies. Today, many of these remote sites remain largely overlooked by travelers, hidden among … Read more

The West Virginia Department of Tourism has announced its 2026 History Heroes Award recipients, honoring volunteers, preservationists, historians, genealogists, and museum leaders from communities across the Mountain State

W.Va. Tourism announces 2026 History Heroes award winners

CHARLESTON, W.Va. — The W.Va. Department of Tourism has announced the recipients of the 2026 History Heroes Awards, recognizing volunteers and preservation advocates who have helped safeguard the state’s rich historical legacy for future generations. The annual awards honor individuals who have made extraordinary contributions to local museums, historical societies, preservation organizations, genealogy groups, and … Read more